Effect of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases – a cross- sectional study based on data of Rafsanjan cohort study
Authors
Affiliations
1Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
2Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
3School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
4Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
5Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
6Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
7Liver and Pancreatobiliary Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
8Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
9Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
10Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
11Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
12Health Sciences Research center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
13Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
14Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
15Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
16Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
17Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
18Department of Radiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
19Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
20Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
21Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
22Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
23Department of Medical Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
24Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
25Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
26Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
27Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. farid_n32@yahoo.com.
Abstract
Background: There are differences of opinion about the beneficial or detrimental effects of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). So, we aimed to study the association between opium use and CVDs.
Methods: We used data obtained from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS), as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), with detailed, validated data on opium consumption and some other exposures. A total of 10,000 adults were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression models were used to assess the possible relationships of opium consumption with the prevalence of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI).
Results: In this study, 9990 participants in the baseline phase of the Rafsanjan adult cohort study were included according to their completed questionnaire. Among all participants, 870 and 296 individuals were found to suffer from IHD and MI, respectively. Opium consumption was found to be relatively high in the RCS participants, especially in men (men = 2150 and women = 228). Opium use was associated with a higher odds of IHD and MI, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.51 (1.22-1.86) and 1.79 (1.31-2.45), respectively. Also, dose-response increases were observed with the highest odds ratios in the 4th quartile for MI and IHD (p-values for trend < 0.001). Increased odds were observed for the two main methods of opium consumption, i.e. oral and smoking, but oral administration had higher odds ratio. Conclusions: Opium consumption is associated with the increased odds of both IHD and MI diseases.
Keywords: Ischemic heart diseases; Myocardial infarction; Opium use; Prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN).
