Latent profiles of body composition indices and their associations with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes: results from the Fasa Adult Cohort study (FACS)

Authors

Mehdi Sharafi 1, Fatemeh Sadat Razavi 2, Najibullah Baeradeh 3, Pezhman Bagheri 4, Afsaneh Rousta 1, Sima Afrashteh 5, Maryam Shiravani 6, Elham Haghjoo 7

  1. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
  2. Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
  3. Department of Public Health, Ferdows Faculty of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
  4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
  5. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
  6. Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
  7. Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. e_haghjoo_56@yahoo.com.
bmj open

Abstract

Background: The body mass index (BMI) is a common obesity indicator; however, it has limitations in distinguishing between muscle and fat and does not consider fat distribution. This study examines the association between the latent profile of body composition indices and cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes.

Method: This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS), which included 4,661 participants aged 35 to 70 years. Body composition indices were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct body composition profiles, and the associations between these profiles and the presence of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: Among diabetes patients, 151 (26.44%) were male. Additionally, 1,218 (93.26%) of smokers were male. There were significant associations between gender and the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The LPA identified five distinct latent profiles, with profiles characterized by higher body fat percentages demonstrating increased odds of diabetes (OR: 5.64, %95CI: 2.86 -to 11.11) and cardiovascular diseases (OR: 2.19, %95CI: 1.11 to 4.31) compared to a low-risk group. Additionally, profiles with higher body fat metrics were associated with significantly increased odds of hypertension (OR: 8.75, 95% CI: 4.60 to 16.65).

Conclusion: The findings emphasize the complex interplay between body composition and the Odds of NCDs, highlighting the importance of detailed body composition assessments in public health initiatives. Understanding these relationships can inform targeted prevention and management strategies for NCDs.

Keywords: Body composition; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes; Hypertension; Latent profile analysis.

How to Cite

Sharafi M, Razavi FS, Baeradeh N, Bagheri P, Rousta A, Afrashteh S, Shiravani M, Haghjoo E. Latent profiles of body composition indices and their associations with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes: results from the Fasa Adult Cohort study (FACS). J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Jul 3;44(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00980-6. PMID: 40611312; PMCID: PMC12224720.

Metrics

Latent profiles of body composition indices and their associations with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes: results from the Fasa Adult Cohort study (FACS)

Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) programme: study protocol and design of musculoskeletal system and cognitive function (stage II)

Authors

Gita Shafiee 1, Afshin Ostovar 2, Ramin Heshmat 1, Hossein Darabi 2, Farshad Sharifi 3, Alireza Raeisi 2, Neda Mehrdad 3, Zhaleh Shadman 4, Faride Razi 4, Mohammad Reza Amini 5, Seyed Masoud Arzaghi 3, Hamidreza Aghaei Meybodi 6, Akbar Soltani 5, Iraj Nabipour 7, Bagher Larijani 5

  1. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  2. The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
  3. Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  4. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  6. Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  7. The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders and cognitive diseases are prevalent, and they are significant determinants of morbidity and mortality in older adults. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal and cognitive diseases and their risk factors and also to assess their associations during future follow-ups.

Methods and analysis: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) programme is a population-based prospective cohort study being conducted in Bushehr, a southern province of Iran. A total of 3000 older people aged ≥60 years participated in the first stage from which 2772 were eligible to participate in the second stage, which started after 2.5 years. Data including demographic status, lifestyle factors, general healthandmedical history, and mentalandfunctional health are collected through a questionnaire. Anthropometric measures, performance testsandmuscle strength, blood pressure and and body composition measurements are done. A total 25 cc venous blood is taken, and sera are stored at -80°C for possible future analyses.

Ethics and dissemination: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science as well as the Research Ethics Committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. A written informed consent was signed by all the participants. The study findings will show the prevalence of musculoskeletal disease, cognitive impairment and their risk factors in an elderly population. The participants will be followed during the study to measure the occurrence outcomes.This study will also have the potential to inform the development of beneficial interventions to improve the management of musculoskeletal and cognitive impairment in Iran and other countries in the Middle East.Our findings will be disseminated via scientific publication as well as presentation to stakeholders, including the patients, clinicians, the public and policymakers, via appropriate avenues.

Keywords: cognitive function; elderly; musculoskeletal system; protocol.

How to Cite

Shafiee G, Ostovar A, Heshmat R, Darabi H, Sharifi F, Raeisi A, Mehrdad N, Shadman Z, Razi F, Amini MR, Arzaghi SM, Meybodi HA, Soltani A, Nabipour I, Larijani B. Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) programme: study protocol and design of musculoskeletal system and cognitive function (stage II). BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 4;7(8):e013606. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013606. PMID: 28780537; PMCID: PMC5577871.

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Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) programme: study protocol and design of musculoskeletal system and cognitive function (stage II)