Authors
Hamid Najafipour1*, Mahboobeh Yeganeh Hajahmadi2, Hamidreza Nasri3, Zahra Sadeghi4
Affiliations
Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Affiliations
1. Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2. Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3. Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Universityof Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
4. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology,Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases account 29.2% of deaths. Hypertension is one of the most debilitating factors among these illnesses. The prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with other cardiovascular disease risk factors in Kerman was the purpose of this study.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study performed on 5900 Kerman adults 15- 75 years old. Information on blood pressure, blood glucose and lipids, anthropometry, opium addiction, smoking, physical activity and mental health (anxiety and depression) were collected by interview and clinical examination and paraclinical laboratory findings. For statistical analysis STATA11 was used. Qualitative variables and the quantitative variables were compared using the chi-square and t-test respectively. Poisson regression was used to examine the relationship between hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Results: The mean age of participants was 33.5 years, and 45.1% were male. The prevalence of hypertension was
18.4% in total (20.2% in males vs.16.75% in females), and it was significantly higher in subjects with low physical activity, addicted to opium, diabetics, overweight and obese. . The highest prevalence was seen in age group above 65 years (66.5%). Illiterates had higher prevalence of hypertension (36 % more risk compared to educated people). In multivariate analysis, risk of hypertension in dependent and fancy consumers of opium was 36% and 42% higher than non-consumers, respectively. High levels of blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride increased risk of hypertension by 76%, 21% and 14%, respectively (most significance for blood glucose, p<0.001). Male gender had significant effect on the risk of hypertension. Low physical activity, significantly increased prevalence of hypertension (19.8% vs. 13.9%, p=0.009).
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in Kerman was about 18.5 percent and was positively associated with opium addiction, age, lower education, low physical activity, high serum glucose, overweight and obesity.
Keywords: Hypertension, Demographic variables, Low physical activity, Addiction, Obesity, Smoking, Diabetes